India vs Bharat Essay Example for Free

India vs Bharat Es expressAncient Indians were not known to befuddle a striking sense of history. Historians have had to rely a lot on accounts by foreign travellers and foreign sources to reconstruct our history. And all such sources, including Megasethenes, Fa-hsien and many medieval Arab travellers, have uniformly found that Indians were remarkably law abiding and that crime was very r ar.Most historians including A.L. Basham and recent writers like Abraham Eraly have treated such rosy accounts with question merely because prescriptions in legal literature, largely comprising of the Smritis, reflected a more insecure and harsher edict. This could either show that these foreign travellers were all fanciful in their writings on ancient India or that these sacred texts played a very minimal role in governing the Hindu way of life. Apart from the absurdity of the confidential information that a traveller would lie in praise of a foreign land, the later scenario appears more probable because of another very interesting facet of ancient Hindu society- minimal State interference in the daily life of a citizen.Therefore there was no overarching government administering a code of laws or enforcing punishments to maintain law and order and prevent crimes. The codes of Manu, Katyayana or Narada were largely irrelevant to the common Hindu. There appears to have been a latent realisation that the State and its laws are inherently incapable of creating a crime-free society and the onus for this has to rest more locally perhaps even on the individual. And it is this realisation that has to dawn in immediatelys India. The realisation that 12000 plus police stations in some 7 lakh towns and villages cannot regulate over 110 crore people.Prof. Werner Menski, in his germinal work on Hindu Law (Hindu Law Beyond Tradition and Modernity, Oxford University Press, 2003), explains the Hindu view of dealing with crimes most accurately. He writes that despite the recogniti on of yielding in human values from the golden period of early ages, law and punishment in the late classical period were neer used to drive out self-control as the primary amicable norm. He writes-The conceptual expectation of self-controlled order in classical Hindu law would have empowered, in commandment if not in practice, all Hindus to determine forthemselves, as individuals subject to the highest order, what they should be doing. A rulers claim to make what Hart called primarily rules could never have developed in such a conceptual climate, since in the classical Hindu systems such basic rules were to be cultivated in the social sphere and should then be implemented locally and individually in self-controlled fashion.It would be quite wrong to assume that the traditional, classical reliance on individual and situational self-control was completely abandonedthreats of punishment of are not purely secularas most legal commentators have assumedtransgressions of Dharma are t o a fault seen as sins, which require penance and/ or attract posthumous consequences. (Emphasis supplied)Therefore, the recognition that the primary onus of adhering to Dharma is on the individual naturally meant that external/ societal interventions in the form of laws and punishments were superfluous in creating a crime-free society. The emphasis instead was on encouraging a Dharmic conscience among citizens.Prof. Menski explains the current relevance of this idea- In this regard it is informatory to refer to the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 which is widely seen as an example of the futile attempts by the state law to abolish socio-legal practices in Indian societydisgusted with the horrible stalemate over thousands of dowry deaths every year, some women activists began to call for a moral reappraisal. Yet, does this mean that the wheel of history should in position be turned be back to Asokas idealism?Postmodernist analysis recognises (albeit with some reluctance) that the ol d Hindu concepts of examining ones conscience (atmanastuti) and cast behaviour (Sadacara) retain their relevance today. While some modernist commentators have tremendous difficulty with this kind of approach, it cannot be just dismissed out of hand.What is needed in India today is a moral reappraisal on Dharmik lines. We Indians have come to imbibe amorality. In the western sandwich conception ofIndividual freedom and liberty, morality is a shackle. A variety of western thinkers including Nietzsche, Freud, Foucault, Marx joined cause in attacking allegiance to morality as something that thwarts individual flourishing or sustains certain unequal socio-economic relations. We have subconsciously adapted this attitude of amorality as a natural concomitant of individual freedom or free market without realising that unlike western morality which was fostered and sustained by the Church and the State Bharatiyamorality is individual-centric and freedom-enabling. It is also important to em phasise, especially in the current context, that our morality is entirely gender-neutral. A Dharmik society or Bharat will render most kinds of activism that we have seen after the Delhi gang rape, especially the feminist variety, redundant.India unfortunately has forgotten to teach its children Dharmic morality. The only moralities we have come to discover are freedom and success. Today we stand in awe of a man from Gujarat who built a great business empire apparently by means of unethical and morally-suspect means all in the name of his success. Seven centuries ago Marco Polo stood in awe of a different kind of Gujarati business men- the ordinary merchants of Lata who harmonize to the Venetial traveller are among the best and most trustworthy merchants in the world for nothing on earth would they tell a lie and all that they say is true. Isnt this an example of the difference between India and Bharat?

1984 Skeleton Outline Essay Example for Free

1984 Skeleton Outline EssayI used to think that cyberspace was fifty years away. What I apprehension was fifty years away, was only ten years away. And what I thought was ten years away it was already here. I just wasnt aware of it in so far. Bruce Sterling (www. brainyquote. com) Technology has helped auberge achieve great strides in the world today. It has helped us to walk on the moon and find cures for certain hatfulcers. However, technology can also have horrible and devastating effects. This is best illustrated in Orwells saucy, 1984. Orwells novel has been adapted by Michael Radford who captured Orwells technologically inclined society through a visual medium.See more Social process essayRadfords direct portrayed Orwells idea of 1984 more effectively. This volition be proven through examination of increases and deletions of scenes, cinematography, and casting. Radfords additions and deletions leave the audience questioning his choice. At the end of the film Radfor d leaves the audience with unanswered questions, whereas in the novel, Orwell had gain ground visual clues the answered the questions. But it was all right, everything was all right the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. (Orwell 311)An affective addition Radford included in his 1984, was towards the end of the film, Julia and Winston were planned to meet up with each other. In the novel, they had not planned to meet and just so happened that they bumped into each other. Actually, it was by chance that they had met. It was in the Park, on a vile, biting day in March, when the earth was like iron and all the grass seemed dead and in that respect was not a bud anywhere except a few crocuses which had pushed themselves up to be dismembered by the wind. He was hurrying along with frozen hands and irrigate eyes when he saw her not ten metres away from him.It struck him at once that she had changed in some ill-defined way. (IBID 304) Make sure that you give tongue to why this quote is significant in proving that Radford was better at depicting Orwells vision. In the novel when Winston goes to meet OBrien to find out the Newspeak dictionary Julia was there with him. In the film when Winston goes to meet OBrien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was not there, Radford has this addition included to emphasize how much Julia did not care about the Party. Radfords interpretation of 1984 of additions and deletions was very affective.Radfords use of cinematography was well done based on Orwells vision. With the help of color or if you look at it another way, a lack of colour, the film was meant to be shot in a tire and dreary setting. Radford was able to get across to the viewers, the sense of depression. * (put a quote in here of anything that describes any way that they dress or any of the colors that are described in the novel) Consider the opening duette of paragraphs. You could also talk about the scene in the fil m where his mother died and compare that to another scene to show how times have changed.Radford used matt and mechanized colors such as hoar, navy blue and black. In Radfords 1984 there was a scene shown of put up walking home from browse and there was no color but greys, and a small amount of a dull navy blue. The actors in the film were too wearing dull navy uniforms and that was it. This was a perfect representation of the way Radford emphasized how dull the film was. The characters in the film, more specifically, John Hurt and Suzanna Hamilton, were also physically grey looking.Their skin was dead looking and physically sick which helped Radford set the theme of the film. (Use the description of the golden country are they the same in the novel and the film? ) If so how? If not how are they different ? Radfords character selection was very effective that helped to portray Orwells vision. Radfords 1984 was well cast. John Hurt acted just the way he was described in the novel . Although he did not speak much, Hurt used excellent facial expressions in order to get his point across and to communicate with others.Winston Smith (John Hurt) is 39, but he has the skinny, wizened look of a perpetually chilled, undernourished child, whose face is that of an old man. (www. ovie. nytimes. com) Julia, Suzanna Hamilton, was better show in the film than in the novel. She brings a captivating freshness and warmth to her role, a little reminiscent of a young Harriet Anderson. Her pale, wiry, broad-hipped body has a simple, unaffected, nearly archetypal beauty, and in the films more intimate moments, she radiates all the tactile sensual grace of a Munch or Degas nude statue. (www. IMBd. com) Hamilton helps to portray Julia being a very rebellious character. In the film, Julia was an upfront kind of character whereas in the novel Julia seemed very closed yet didnt really say much.Radfords film adaptation of 1984 does effectively portray Orwells vision. This was proven by characters, additions and deletions, cinematography. Radfords cinematography is an excellent adaptation of Orwells plot. The characters were well cast and Orwells vision was seen. The additions and deletions are very effective in portraying the vision of 1984. Overall Radfords film does Orwells novel justice. Maybe for your conclusion keep the compare and contrast going. So for example Orwell made many choices about where to place characters in the novel but Radford adding or deleting them was a better choice for the vision as a whole.

Influence of Promotional Activities on Fast Food Buying

Influence of promotional Activities on betting-flying Food BuyingDining off in Pakistan is an exciting and rich experience. In Pakistan fodder has many contrary styles with many great eaterys in all the major(ip) cities of Pakistan. Fast provender crook is quite new(a) in Pakistan. It was introduced in Pakistan about two or three decades ago and it is growing really spry which indicates that this type of diet pains have a very bright future in Pakistan. Fast solid victuals is pre-prep bed intellectual nourishment or which gage be quickly cooked when you mold for it. devil major troubled food restaurants having strong presence in Pakistan are Mc Donalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC). Fast food restaurants attract customers through assorted proficiencys in which forward motional tools are widely used. Our interrogation is based on the hypothesis that several advancemental techniques alike coupons, new product, valuate deals, price discounts and advanceal de als are having yield on desist food consumers buying mien or non. A question has been carried out which is based on the consumers response to eyeshot which involved questions regarding several promotional techniques used in luxuriant food.CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONThe concept of sales promotion could comfortably be understood by considering this simple example Suppose you visit the market to buy any product and there it is suggested to you that if you buy two of that product then you go away purport an particular piece according to their scheme. You go forth be delighted to know that you are saving m iodiny of that extra piece of product given to you. That extra piece hind end be a product used on a regular nucleotide which you can keep for later use. These are scarce the sales promotion techniques for increasing sales of a certain product which every business person wants for the sales of goods that he deals in and he can use many different ways for this train. Some of those methods you might have heard about much(prenominal) as Win a tour to Dubai, 20% extra on a full-size pack, Scratch and win, Free gifts like lunch box, pencil box and shampoo sachet, Buy nonpareil get one free etc.In every application, promotions are key sources of increasing sales of products. Fast food industry is one of the industries which very much rely on its foods promotion to increase the sales. For this purpose, it practices several techniques including price discounts, coupons, new product and offer different deals to attract its customers.Every organization wants a greater share of the total customer market and for this purpose it be flows very fundamental for organizations to know their consumers reactions and responses towards their promotional campaigns in orderliness to implement them successfully.Now we will look at riotous food industry and its presence in Pakistan.FAST FOOD RESTAURANTSFast food restaurants are those restaurants where no table help is provided. Its a self service restaurant and food is ordered only at a counter. The term straightaway food is the term used for food which is prepared and served very quickly with precooked ingredients.Fast food restaurants represent one of the largest segments of the food industry. Some of the largest players in this category include outside(a) giants like McDonalds, and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC).FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS IN PAKISTANFast food chains are becoming increasingly commonplace in nations around the world. many a(prenominal) American based companies have expanded into and are thriving in the global market. The concept of fast food restaurants was introduced in Pakistan in the early 1980s. there are several fast food chains operating in Pakistan but two of them are very dominant. A brief introduction of these fast food chains is given below.MCDONALDSMc Donalds was opened in 1940 by br opposites by Dick and Mac Mc Donald in San Bernardino, California. McDonalds opened its doors in Pakistan in September 1998 at Lahore and presently operating in almost every major city with a network of several restaurants in each city. McDonalds Pakistan has an raptorial plan to expand in all over Pakistan and is rapidly growing with the passage of time. It has a strong presence in Pakistan with locations in Lahore, Karachi, Hyderabad and Islamabad.KENTUCKY FRIED fearful (KFC)The company was compriseed as Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952. KFC has a strong presence in Pakistan. In Pakistan its locations include Lahore, Peshawar, Islamabad and Karachi. KFC opened its eldest outlet in Gulshan-e-Iqbal in 1997 and today KFC has several branches in main metropolitans throughout Pakistan which include Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Sukkur and Murree with more than 60 outlets nationwide.FAST FOOD DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTANOur nation has been de noning a fast food nation as we look around. We see them on road corners, shopping areas, petrol pumps and even in hospitals whether is an international franchise of fast food or a lo al burger wala, people spend extra money on burger and French fries as compared to other food in a very short time period our civilization has become faster paced and attracted to this style of dining out. Dining out is an important part of our emerging lifestyle as compared to the ancient as it was considered as an unusual luxury. Children are also an important market targeted by fast food because they offer special value meals for them. The young generation who considers it faster is the potential high fat fast food consumers. The fast food environment is not considered only for eating but for enjoyment also today, keeping in mind the several activities practiced in fast food especially for children such as birthday, get together parties and other unforgettable occasions. Several promotional activities are practiced in order to attract the new customers and to retain the real one.Now lets look at so me sales promotion approaches used by fast food restaurants.COUPONSA coupon is a printed document that can be exchanged for reduction when buying a product. Basically coupons are issued by manufacturer of a product which is used as sales promotion method. Coupons usually fall into three categories. (1) Absolutely free, (2) Discounted, (3) Buy one get something. These are often seen in newspapers and magazines and packs.PRICE DISCOUNTSPrice discounts are incentives offered to consumers in order to catch their attention. Actually price discounts is the initiative which give consumers feeling of receiving some additional value by not paying a certain parcel of amounts of that product such as 10%, 20% or 50%. This is one of the most commonly used ways to convince customers to increase their barter fors.promotional DEALSIn the fast food industry, different deals are offered to its customers better suited to their needs and requirements as it is a quick service food. Such kinds of deals are know as midnight deals and lunch deals etc to provide value to customers.VALUE DEALS esteem deals are those deals offered by fast food restaurants to their customers as value for their money. Fast food restaurants come up with these attractive ideas by offering some extra amount of food with a minor oddment of amount. For example, upsizing the meals by paying extra itsy-bitsyr amount or getting 20% for the same price.NEW PRODUCTSFast food chains such as Mc Donalds and KFC introduce new products to its consumers in different seasons to attract new customers and keep hold of the existing customers by offering/ adding something new in their menu.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe objective of sales promotion is to market activities in order to add the basic value of a product or services which encourages people to purchase. As the fast food industry is growing in Pakistan and obviously the reasons are speed, convenience and price. People are now more attracted towards fast food with th e introduction of different promotional offers which suits customers in different occasions and timings.The rapid rate at which the fast food industry continues to include promotions to its menu to attract its customers is as much a locution of consumer attraction towards those promotions itself. Therefore, with an emphasis on sales promotional activities, its pertain on sales and consumers responses towards them is going to be analyzed.The main purpose of this research is to study the different independent variables which could encourage fast food consumers to dine in the fast food franchises. To investigate the consumers bearing/ response towards sales promotion in fast food industry, Consumers can have a positive or no response to sales promotion.PURPOSE OF STUDYThe purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of promotional activities practiced in the fast food restaurants.For this purpose some important and most practiced promotional approaches which are used in fast food franchises are taken which are given belowPrice discountCouponsPromotional dealsValue dealsNew productsRESEARCH SCOPE AND LIMITATIONSThe scope of this research is to investigate the influence of several promotional activities practiced in fast food restaurants.These are some limitations imposed on this studyRespondents are haphazardly selected and mostly were youngsters and college/university students because they are more attracted towards fast food and definite users.Access to fast food franchises was limited in order to meet respondents inside because they did not allow.The questionnaire was make full by police detective from respondents outside the franchises.Lack of response from some respondents.THESIS STRUCTUREThis thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the problem about which the research was carried out and in general about the fast food industry and its scope in Pakistan. Chapter 2 is about the literature review. In Chapter 3, researcher describ es the methodological analysis adopted including sources of information and data collection methods are discussed. In chapter 4, the experiential data collected through questionnaire is analyzed and results are concluded on the basis of a survey. Conclusions are drawn and necessary recommendations are suggested.CHAPTER II- LITERATURE REVIEWIn todays competitive environment it is very important for merchandise managers to utilize the exhaust variety of selling mix tools to achieve maximum result and one of these marketing tools is sales promotion which has been very important in the food retail division(Sue Peattie 1998). Nowadays several promotional tools such as coupons, bonus packs, free sample distributions and sweepstakes are very commonly practiced activities offered by manufacturers to its consumers but the next gait which is the consumer response to these activities has not been understood comfortably in this regard (Chem L. Narayan and P.S. Raju 1985). So keeping in m ind the importance of consumers reactions and response towards promotional campaigns of organizations in order to implement these promotional activities successfully, the influence of these promotional activities on sales and consumer close is going to be analyzed. Promotional campaign is an attempt to influence the consumer buying ending and promotional strategist is a functional behavioral analyst who finds the nature of the response towards any promotional activity and seriously weighs up the facts and support provided by the respondents via behavioral research in order to achieve utmost results and efficient findings (Peter L. Wright 1973). The impact of advertising on the purchasing behavior of the consumer has been acknowledged in the marketing literature while the impact of promotional activities has given lees consideration (Deborah L. Owens, Michael Hardman, Bruce Keiller). Advertising has a much closed relation with sales promotional tools. Sales promotion is consist of short term incentives to encourage purchase or sale of a product or service while advertising offers reasons to buy a product or service. Sales promotion offers reasons to buy now (Kotler, Principles of Marketing). Recently the use of promotional activities has availed noticeably increased attention due to the effectiveness of easily measurable and manuscript promotional campaign as compared to advertising campaign. This investigation has been intended to assist managers of marketing and sales departments in order to implement non-homogeneous consumer promotions efficiently in a combined marketing program.The usage graph of sales promotions has gone up significantly in few years and one of the major reasons for this is that effectiveness of sales promotions is very much easier to calculate than the effectiveness of advertising campaign (Deborah L. Owens, Michael Hardman, Bruce Keiller). There are some internal factors and external factors which tot up in the growth of sales promot ional activities. The main internal factor is the acceptance of sales promotion as an effective sales promotion technique by the product managers because they face greater pressure by top management to increase their current sales while external factors include large number of grunges and then the increasing competition among them seeing that the competing brands are less differentiated. Third, advertising efficiency has declined because of changing economic conditions, rising costs and media disorder (Philip Kotler), (Chem Narayan and P.S. Raju 1985). disposed the importance of sales promotional techniques the most important decision for marketers is to choose the mixture of suitable sales promotional activities (Philip Kotler), (Chem Narayan and P.S. Raju 1985).The modern fast food revolt basically was originated in the US in 1950s and since then this style of cuisine has captured the whole world. Fast food is seen as a symbol of globalization and post-modern society and the wo rld is attracting to this style of food (Yasser Ibrahim, Claudio Vignali 2005). The fast food industry is more global now and international fast food expenditure goes on to enhance in popularity (Ali Kara, Erdener Kaynak, Orsay Kucukemiroglu 1997).In the developing countries a very little research has been done on fast food and its consumers thus a very little is known about fast food consumers. Timothy J. Richards and Luis Padilla in 2007 has found that promotional activities increase the market share of the company and also expand the fast food demand generally. This shows that promotional activities influence the buying decision of fast food consumers due to price change. Promotions obviously contain a great impact on buying decision. What is important to keep clear is the process through which consumers act in response to these offers. This understanding is very important for successful sharp of promotions as well as for assuring the minimum harmful causes of other communicatio n elements (Meryl P. Gardner, Roger A. Strang).A very little work has been done in the past concerning consumers perceptions and preferences for fast food industry. Previous researches done on fast food industry have been limited to the features of fast food consumers in terms of demographic and socio-economic factors while a very little attention has been given to study the behavior and attitude of fast food consumers (Ali Kara, Erdener Kaynak, Orsay Kucukemiroglu 1997). Consumer behavior is expected to be found fairly different as compared to the developed countries in view of the fact that these countries are mainlyinfluenced by social, political and economic conditions (Raju, 1995). It can be forecasted that the concept of fast food in developing countries is different than developed countries and their perceptions and attitudes differ as compared to international fast food industry in the industrialized countries (Brady and Robertson 1999 Watson 2000 Eckhardt and Houston 2002). It has been acknowledged that marketing managers and strategist should have sufficient knowledge and understanding of consumers perceptions and preferences of dining out in fast food restaurants and how they are diverse across cultures and countries. This understanding will help in targeting countries and their different cultures in order to promote fast food culture and to improve and modify the perception of fast food restaurant there to increase the demand of the consumers (Ali Kara, Erdener Kaynak, Orsay Kucukemiroglu 1997).Fast food restaurants practice several types of promotional activities throughout the year in which coupons are the most used promotional tool. Coupons have grown by more than 500% in the last decade which proves the importance of coupons (Chakravarthi Narasimhan1984) and coupons are the representative among other promotional tools like new product offers, promotional deals and price discounts etc. It is well acknowledged in the marketing literature that cou pons have immediate impacts on sales (Jeongwen Chiang 1995). Fast food restaurants offer consumer a mixture of tangible and intangible elements. Here the purpose of the study is to examine the influence of promotional activities on consumer decision in fast food industry. Several big fast food giants are engaged in satisfying consumer needs and Kentucky fried chicken (KFC) is the leading fast food franchise satisfying its consumer needs followed by Mc Donalds, Subway and Mr. Burger.CHAPTER III METHODOLOGYDATA COLLECTIONTwo types of sources are used in data collection for any research function which are primary and secondary data. In this research study, both types of sources are operated. Secondary data is obtained from the books, articles, research journals, and mesh while primary supply of data is dependent on questionnaire survey. According to the requirement the researcher is dependent on both the sources for academic and experimental data. We are very much relying on the quest ionnaire survey results for empirical data because limited information is available on promotional activities and its influence on consumer buying behavior in Pakistan.RESEARCH AND TESTING INSTRUMENTSQuestionnaire has been used for surveys for this research and for testing purpose SPSS has been used as a testing tool. During the analysis of data in SPSS researcher has used technique of one sample T- test.FEEDBACK FORMFor the purpose of data collection about different promotional tools and its influence on consumer buying behavior in the fast food restaurants a questionnaire has been used. Information regarding the influence of different promotional activities offered in fast food restaurants on consumer buying behavior is availed by knowing the satisfaction and harmony level with every promotional activity independently offered in fast food.QUESTIONNAIRE TESTINGT o detect weaknesses in the instrument a questionnaire testing was conducted. According to Malhotra (2003), pre-testing r efers to the testing of the questionnaire on a small sample of respondents to recognize and to get rid of likely trouble. For such purpose the researcher filled out 10 questionnaires from fast food consumers. Burns and Bush (1998) suggested that a pre-test of 5-10 representative questionnaires is usually adequate to spot the problems in a questionnaire.SAMPLINGFor this thesis, the influence of different promotional activities on consumer buying behavior was carried out through a survey of consumers of selected fast food restaurants. A questionnaire was filled out from 100 respondents in a good environment in order to avoid any hustle and weak response.SAMPLE SIZEThe sample size of research is 100 respondents. It includes the followingMale/ FemaleAge group 20 years or aboveEmployed/ unemployedFast food consumersKarachi basedHYPOTHESISh3= Price discounts influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.h3= Coupons influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.H3 Promotional dea ls influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.H4 Value deals influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.H5 New product influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIn our finding the statistical test which has been applied is the one sample t-test. One sample t-test compares the designate value of a sample (computed from a set of observed values) with the hypothesized mean value so this is the easiest test to understand and determine the likelihood or the difference between sample score and hypothesized values.Following is the output of our research. We compared the mean level of our output to a known test value of 4 because 4 is our agreement level.First see the descriptive statistics.The mean of our samples are the followingPrice discounts = 4.0New products = 3.9933Coupons = 3.9767Promotional deals = 3.9033Value offers = 3.8767The above mean values are impending to the test value of 4. Price discounts is having the highest m ean value 4 which is equal to the test value of 4 and then new products have mean value (3.9933) and followed by coupons (3.9767), promotional deals (3.9033) and then value offers (3.8767).Now, see the results of our one sample t-testOur T-value for each observation isPrice discounts = 0.000New products = -.111Promotional deals = -1.219Value offers = -1.559Coupons = -.306The cut channel of T-value is 1.5. If the T-value is greater than 1.5 then the significant value becomes lower and goes to significant level.We have 99 degrees of freedom.Our significance values arePrice discounts = 1.000New products = 0.912Promotional deals = 0.226Value offers = 0.122Coupons = 0.760It means that the mean difference is not significant and the test value which is (4) Agreement level is equal to the mean value of price discounts, new products, promotional deals, value offers and coupons and there is no significant difference between the test value and the mean values of the sample.ACCEPTED HYPOTHESIS Following hypothesis has been judgeh3, h3, H3, H4, H5Based on statistical test and results of above table, following hypothesis has been accepted and it was found that these factors influence the consumer buying behavior in fast food restaurants.h3= Price discounts influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.h3= Coupons influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.H3 Promotional deals influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.H4 Value deals influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.H5 New product influence purchase decision of fast food consumers.CONCLUSIONA very little research has been done so cold on fast food consumers and their buying behavior as well as promotional activities practiced by fast food restaurants and its influence on consumer buying decision. To the best of my knowledge, the research work done so far of fast food outlets have been limited to the explanation of the characteristics of the fast food consumers in terms of demographic and socio-economic factors and some work is done on the restaurants brand equity and their competitiveness while a very small number of consideration has been related to the fast food consumers behavior and attitude orientation. Research conducted by Syed Mehdi Raza and Tariq Jalees in 2005 measures the brand equity of fast food chains operating in Karachi. Timothy J. Richards and Luis Padilla believe that fast food promotion is a major cause of the obesity.The purpose of the learning is to understand the influence of promotional activities on the buying behavior of fast food consumers. For findings we apply the One Sample T-test to go through the significant impact of all selected variables, it was found that the all variables (Coupons, Price discounts, Promotional deals, value offers and new products) significantly influence the buying behavior of fast food consumers.The results of the study have shown very optimistic response from fast food consumers for the influence of promoti onal activities in fast food restaurants. Consumers really think and calculate that promotional activities influence their dining out decision in fast food restaurants, it also affect their frequency of dining out in fast food and they think that promotional activities should be offered by fast food restaurants.

Expectancy Theory of Motivation

prevision Theory of MotivationIntroductionWhen we talk closely motivation, we can see motivation as the strength arising from the mind / mental effort that dictates how an singular pull up stakes behaviour in an organization or train place, how much effort this respective(prenominal) has on his/her tasks and how this person continues firmly on his /her tasks whenever hurdles face him/her. To managers, their interest is to ensure implementation of strategies and thus they have the system of rules to motivate their take iners because loosing an employee can be very costly. In addition, managers need to motivate workers so that they can retain the valuable ones as well recruit the surpass to join the organization as this translates to success in implementing strategies. Through intrinsic reward (self-satisfaction on completing a task) and extrinsic reward (being recognized by others for good work done), employees are able to perform as managers expect, thus managers have to ensure they motivate their employees. As there are several motivation theories, only through comparing and contrasting one can establish which ones motivate workers much than others. Maslows pyramid or hierarchy of take system of motivation has greater motivation to employees than vrooms antepast possibility.ComparingFirst, Maslows hierarchy possibleness as an earlier proposition, it creates the base on which Vrooms expectation theory, a later edition, builds on. Secondly, both the Expectancy and the Maslows hierarchy of necessarily motivational theories, they both enable a person to modify his/her input (efforts to take over a task) depending on the importance they have on the expected result in the entire procedure of undertaking that task and what they understand about input and output. For example, Maslow theory of motivation as a commonly known theory, it addresses needs of an individual in a hierarchy manner. It considers a single need and this need depends on alread y other satisfied needs. From an arrangement of how these needs need to fulfilment in a hierarchy manner, one can establish those that require early fulfilment than others. In addition, both theories all in allows an individual to establish which results are most likely to motivate large number and this leave behind dictate the best measures to take as factors of their experiences and expectations ( Droar 2006).Maslows understanding on the effect of unsatisfied needs hits to expectancy theory in that like Maslow, Vroom indicates in the expectancy theory that the need to fulfil unmet demands is what motivates individuals where such a person will make a concerned decision to undertake a certain task in a manner that he/she understands as satisfying that need. Therefore, advanced motivation will manifest where there is concise and quantified goals that for example in a team the team members understand how a task as possible and how it would benefit them considerably. In cases of low motivation, team members usually become frustrated as they cannot define the best ways to undertake different tasks and for what rewards these tasks can realize to them (Yeatts and Hyten 1998, p. 64).In addition, whenever an individual understands that he/she is lacking an essential item/want necessary for wellbeing, thus this understanding will establish a need for that individual to undertake activities or behave in a manner that will lead to satisfying that particular need. Moreover, if someone understands that certain need is being satisfied, accordingly this person will lack motivation to manifest characters/behaviours that associate with fulfilling the need (Yeatts and Hyten, 1998, p. 63). Considering this perspective in a work place, what this indicates is that financial benefits will act as a significant motivation tool until an understanding that the money is a way of fulfilling different categories of demands (basic needs). Contrary to this, if these hoi polloi un derstand that such demands are fulfilling, then these people/employees will lack motivation to fulfil such needs and will rather establish other ways of fulfilling higher ranked needs touching egoism. The more the expectations employees have on their job, the greater the motivation they will have to perform. These approaches are common both the Maslows hierarchy of needs and Vrooms expectancy theories of motivation. severalizeAs suggested by Victor Vroom and unlike Maslow theory, the expectancy theory of motivation does not focus on needs but concentrates in the results. When Maslows hierarchy of needs theory concentrates on the association of internal needs of an individual and the expected effort needed to satisfy them such as time and money, Vroom puts apart effort (a result of motivation), performance, and results/outcome. What this means is that for anyone to get motivated, the drive behind effort should associate with execution of relevant tasks and the outcome. To connect th e drive/effort with performance, expectancy helps one to believe that pleonastic dedication on a task will improve performance, meaning hard work pays. For the hard work to be fruitful there has to be right resources (adequate time, appropriate skills, and support). Linking performance and outcome will be instrumentality that helps one perceive that whenever an individual performs excellently, then a worthy outcome is viable and finally valence connects outcome and effort as dictated by the main motivation. For example, if hard cash motivates someone, then taking confide would not be valuable to this person because he is not making money.In Maslows theory of motivation, individuals get motivation from something extra as compared to only cash/financial benefits and job fulfilment. Therefore, the broad consideration of varying factors improves motivation of individuals/employees. Expectancy theory on its part only illustrates motivation as not applying to all cases as the understan ding of whatever one wants to achieve/objects affects to efforts on a task and performance of that task, performance and compensation/gain, gain and objective fulfilment. As these will differ for different individuals as well as locations, to design rewarding systems, managers should thus always consider respective organizational body structure so that the rewards offered relate to individual goals in such environments (Gunkel 2006, p. 15).Expectancy Theory of motivation proves to be most sophisticated comparing to Maslows theory in motivating employees because the effort to undertake a task will relate to the surrounding and capability to dictate the resulting achievement/performance of a person (Griffin and Moorhead 2009, p. 99). This theory to significant number of people and situations, might fail to apply. For example, it is more difficult to change management practices of an organization to meet individual needs, which might appear as outdated ways of doing things to many an other(prenominal) people and thus expectancy theory viewed as an individualized theory rather than management oriented (Hassard and Parker 1993, p. 93).Contrary to the expectancy theory, Maslows hierarchy of needs theory has the option that working towards self-actualization, rather than actually achieving it may be the ultimate motivation for most people (Griffin and Moorhead 2009, p. 88). As currently, some people find themselves release high paying jobs that fail to satisfy their job objectives to low paying jobs that satisfy. Maslows gives a sense of understanding without conscious reasoning thus common to many practicing managers and gives a general structure to classify demands as needs will not necessary fit to Maslows model. In the manner in which the needs rank, the basis needs will be termed as physiological needs (food and water) and they determine when the following batch of harvest needs (knowing and perceiving ones needs) will start fulfilment. It is only when the g rowth needs are fulfilled that one is at peace to attain his/her potential such as self-actualization (example) after which one can overcome his/her self-esteem (example) to assist others (Droar 2006). This is a more realist arrangement that enables one to progressive exploit his/her potential through satisfaction from preceding level of needs unlike expectancy theory that limits only on reward and job satisfaction.The expectation theory to managers will base their reward on individual achievement as to how break-dance that individual relates input and output paying attention of any possible changes in the process to reduce risk. Furthermore, managers are required to utilize organizational structure that hold rewards and performance together as well as ensuring rewards are worthy to employees, and should involve in training to improve employees ability and understanding that extra effort yields good performance. This can be challenging as the process might turn out to be complex fo r some mangers. However, Maslows hierarchy of needs theory will give the flexibility for managers to allow development up the ranks of their employees in the best way they feel satisfied increasing motivation. In addition, Maslows theory allows managers to understand the significant needs active for specific employee ensuring motivation.ConclusionIn summary, Maslows hierarchy of needs theory has greater motivation to employees compared to the expectancy theory. Although they compare in some aspects, the significantly differ in others. These two theories compare in Maslow theory creating a base from which expectancy theory develops from, both enabling a person to modify his/her input depending on the importance they have on the expected result after performing a task, as well as allowing an individual to establish which results are most likely to motivate them or others. Contrary to the similarities, expectancy theory concentrates on the needs rather than the results on a particular task where else Maslows theory focuses on how the different needs associate with themselves and what it calls fro to satisfy them and allows managers to understand the significant needs active for specific employee ensuring motivation. Expectancy theory separates effort, performance, and achievement of a certain task making it difficult and sophisticated for many individuals to explore their potentials because the effort to undertake a task will relate to the surrounding and capability to dictate the resulting achievement/performance of a person. This can be a complex process. Therefore, Maslows hierarchy of needs theory of motivation is more realistic and cheaper in motivating compared to expectancy theory of motivation.ReferencesDroar, D., 2006. Expectancy theory of motivation. Available at http//www.arrod.co.uk/archive/concept_vroom.php accessed 18 March 2010Griffin, R. and G. Moorhead, 2009. Organizational behavior managing people and organizations. 9th ed. Connecticut, US Cenga geGunkel, M., 2006. Country-compatible incentive design a comparison of employees performance reward preferences in German and the USA. New York SpringerHassard, J. and M. Parker, 1993. Post modernization and organization. London, UK SAGEYeatts, D. and C. Hyten, 1998. High-performing self-managed work teams a comparison of Theory to practice. London, UK SAGE

The Difference In Physical And Chemical Properties

The Difference In Physical And chemic PropertiesEverything type issuing is branded in the physiological world with properties that define what it is and how it be absorbs when in the presence of other vegetable marrows. These properties give the amount of money, whatever it may be, its own distinctive features that can be used to identify it. These properties can be determined by measuring and observing the material under different conditions. But any substance impart have not merely one and only(a) set of properties, but 2 sets of different properties. These two sets leave behind be visible properties and chemical substance substance properties.A bodily property is a feature of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Many of these properties are properties that we can see with our look or feel with our hands, such as texture, shape, color, size, or smoothness. Even things such as conductivity, malleability, and ductility are physical properties. There are in any case two different kinds of physical properties. Intensive physical properties are features that will be the corresponding no matter how much of the substance is present. On the other hand, long physical properties are properties that do depend on the amount of the substance present, such as mass, volume, length, and height. These are all physical properties because they can all be observed without making the substance into a different substance.As soon as the substance is turned into a different substance, it is considered a chemical property. Chemical properties describe the ability of a substance to change its identity. Anything that can be done to a substance that will change its identity is considered a chemical property, such as its flammability (in case of a fire) or its reactivity (how it reacts to other chemicals). If a substance changed into a different substance by dint of a chemical reaction, then it has a chemical property relat ed to that change. The change it went through is a chemical change.Chemical changes can as well as be called chemical reactions. In a chemical change, the identity of a substance will be changed, and it will have different properties. These changes can be shown in a chemical equation, like thisHCl + NaOH NaCl + H2OThis equation shows than when HCl, a strong acid, reacts with NaOH, a strong base, the chemical reaction results in sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). Physical changes can withal occur. The difference is that instead of the substance changing its identity, it changes form. After a physical change, the properties of the substance will remain the same. There are three main types of physical changes. The first is mechanical physical change, such as tearing, crushing, or breaking a substance. Second, a solution could be made, like when salt is dissolved in water. No new substances are formed even though the salt is dissolved. The salt could still be filtered out. Thir dly, changes in the narrate of matter are also a physical change. Water that changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas is all physical changes. The equation to show this looks like thisH2O(s) H2O(l) H2O(g)The earn in the subscript convey what state of matter the H2O is in. The s stands for solid, the l for liquid, and the g for gas. The reason it is a physical change is because the chemical crap of the substance is still the same throughout. If the chemical cod-up of the substance changes, then it is a chemical change.Problem To carry out several chemical physical changes to judge whether they are chemical or physical.Hypothesis It is expected that the chemical changes will cause much more noticeable observationsMaterials-MatchEyedropper-Candle (held stationary by clay)-10 drops of 0.1 M AgNO3 (silver process)-woodwind instrumenten splint-One piece (about 3cm) of Magnesium (Mg)-2 Watch Glasses-10 drops of 6 M HCl (concentratedhydrochloric acid)-Small spatula of NaCl-Tongs-10 mL of water (divided up into 2, 5mLdivisions)-Bunsen Burner-2 Test tubes-Mortar and Pestle-Test tube cork-CuSO45H2O (Copper II sulfate pentahydrate)-A some filings of Fe (iron)Diagrams*On attached pages*ProcedureLight a match and use it to light a candle held stationary by a piece of clay. Observe the flame, the wick, and the wax for several minutes. say observations.Obtain a wooden splint and break it in half. Place the end of one half of the wooden splint into the candle flame. Extinguish the flames of both the candle and the splint. Place the splint into a watch glass and observe. place down observations. Dispose of the wood in the designated waste container.Place a small spatula of NaCl (sodium chloride) into a small test tube. Add 5 mL of water. Cover the test tube with a test tube cork and shake the contents of the tube. Record observations. Save the product for timbre 4.Use an eyedropper to add 10 drops of a 0.1 M AgNO3 (silver nitrate do not get this on you) solution t o the salt-water solution which was made in Step 3. Cover the tube with a cork and to the full check several times to mix properly. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container.Obtain one piece of Mg (magnesium) ribbon about 3 cm long. Tear it into 2 pieces. Place one piece into a test tube. Use a pipet to add 10 drops of 6 M HCl (concentrated hydrochloric acid). Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container.Handle the other piece of Mg with tongs. Place the Mg into the toothsometest part of the burner flame at the front lab give in for a few minutes until a noticeable change occurs. Caution Do not look directly into the light Place the product on a watch glass. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container.Use a mortar and pestle to grind several crystals of CuSO45H2O (copper II sulfate pentahydrate) into a uniform powder. Record observations. Place a small spatula of the CuSO45H2O powder into a test tube. Add 5 mL of water, c ap it with a cork, and invert fully several times to mix. Record observations. Save the product for Step 8.To the test tube containing the water and CuSO45H2O, add a few Fe (iron) filings. Cap it with a cork and invert fully several times to fully mix. Look very closely into the test tube. A keen observer gets the proper results. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container.DataStepPhysical Properties of Starting MaterialsObservations of The Change1Candle looks waxy, with few drops dried on the side. It is a brainsick white color. It appears to be slightly burnt. The bottom clay is a bright yellow and has a smooth texture.Wax on the top melts and forms a liquid. twist of wick is a bright red color. More drips start to appear on the side of the candle. As the wax drips down, it changes from clear to pale white, while also hardening.2Wood is smooth, light brown in color, and very brittle. It is small and rectangular. The watch glass is clear, with cloudy material o n bottom of glass.The wood starts to droop and shrivels, while turning black, with a red tip. Little bits of ash appear. Smoke rises from the flame, and it smells faintly of ham.3Sodium chloride looks clear, crystalline, and very granular. Some of the NaCl sticks to the side of the container.NaCl dissolves into the water to make a solution. Clear liquid in test tube.4AgNO3 looks cloudy on the surface of the water. It is an opaque white color and sticks together.Seems to form a intricate mixture, with white specks of AgNO3 floating in the water. The water solution became chunky and cloudy.5Silver in color, malleable, small, thin, rectangular in shape. It is smooth on the surfaces and kind of piercing on the corners. It is 3cm in length.Test tube gets hot piece of magnesium starts to disintegrate. At the end, ash is left at the bottom and what looks like smoke rises from the top. bland looks slight yellow.6Piece of magnesium looks the same as above.Magnesium starts to burn and the n quickly turns into a bright white light as the flame gets really intense. There is a slight change in heat because the amount of flame increased.7Crystals look deep blue. There is no odor present. They look smooth, but clear-cut. They hold their shape.The water turns blue and the powder is dissolved. The liquid does look see-through.8(see part 2 of step 7)The liquid turns into a dirty brown color. The Fe seems to sink to the bottom of the test tube. It doesnt look like Fe anymore, though. It looks like copper because of its color.QuestionsIntensive properties are properties that will not change based on the amount of a substance you have. Some examples from the lab are the waxiness of the candle, the color of the magnesium, or the malleability of the magnesium. An extensive property will change based on the amount of a substance you have. Examples of these properties (from the lab) are the size of the wooden splint, the length of the magnesium strip, or the height of the candle.a. Lighting a match Chemical. The physical oppose of the wood and its head is changed.b. Melting wax Physical. The wax is still wax, its just in a different form.c. Burning a wick Chemical. The wick slowly burns down and changes its make-up.d. Freezing wax Physical. It is still wax.e. Breaking wood splint Physical. It is still wood.f. Burning wood Chemical. It is a different material after you burn it.g. Dissolving sodium chloride Physical. It is still salt. You could filter the salt back out of the solution.h. Reacting NaCl and AgNO3 Chemical Change. The two compounds change their molecular(a) make-up.i. Breaking and sanding Mg Physical. It is still magnesium its just in a different form.j. Burning magnesium Chemical. The magnesium is no longer magnesium and goes through a chemical reaction.k. Adding acid to Mg Chemical. In the reaction, the Mg is changed.l. Crushing copper II sulfate Physical. It is still copper II sulfate its just been changed to a different form.m. Dissolving cop per II sulfate Physical. It is still the same material.n. Adding Fe to copper II sulfate Chemical. The Fe changed because it bonded with So4.The change involving a candle is both chemical and physical because the candle wax is melting, which is a physical change to the candle, but the candle wick is also burning, which is a chemical change. The candle wax is remaining as wax its just changing from a solid to a liquid. When it cools down, it forms a solid again. The wick, however, never returns to its previous state after being burned. It is no longer a candle wick.Two changes in the experiment that were exothermic were the wooden splint burning and the magnesium reacting with the hydrochloric acid. Wooden splint had a flame on it (when it was burning) that gave off a lot of heat. The magnesium caused the test tube to become extremely hot. A change in the experiment that was endothermic was when we melted the candle wax. The wax had to take in a lot of energy from the flame in order to do a physical change into a liquid.In chemical changes, the formulas of reactants compare to the formulas of the product because they are different. The substances are changed in a chemical change, so their molecular make-up will also change. For example, in Step 8, we had the reactants CuSO4 and Fe. But the products werent the same.CuSO4 Cu +FeSO4The iron bonded with the SO4, leaving copper behind. In a physical change, the formulas will be the same on each side. The only thing that might change is its state of matter.H2O(s) H2O(l)The chemical make-up is still the same, but it did change from a liquid to a gas. The formulas on each side have to stay the same though.Data AnalysisBased on the observations collected, 3 of the 8 steps performed were physical changes. Step 1, the burning of the candle, was surprisingly a physical change. What made this clear is that it could be observed that the wax is only melting, not changing to a different substance. receivable to background i nformation, it can be concluded that this is a physical change. Step 3 involves licentiousness NaCl in water, which is also classified as a physical change. Step 7 is just like step 3 in that a substance was dissolved in water, so this is also a physical change.Several chemical changes also occurred. Step 2, the burning of the wooden splint, marked a chemical change because the step started out with a piece of wood observed as smooth, light brown in color, and very brittle. After the change, it wilted and shriveled to a black substance with all new properties. Since it has change into a new substance, it can be concluded that this is a chemical change. The AgNO3 in step 4 reacts with the NaCl and the H2O to form a new substance in the liquid, which creates small, floating particles. Since a new substance was formed inside the liquid, this is also a chemical change. The magnesium reacting with the acid as well as being burned in the Bunsen burner was both chemical changes because n either of the changes warranted any magnesium afterwards, so it is known that a chemical change occurred. Lastly, the CuSO4-2 reacted with the Fe+2 to create different substances, namely Cu and FeSO4. It can therefore be concluded that this was also a chemical change.ErrorA few things may have caused errors in this experiment, but because the results were not dependent on extremely precise amounts of any substance, getting the appropriate results was fairly easy. However, if the wrong substance had accidentally been placed in a test tube instead of another substance, the results will be completely different than what they are supposed to be. This could also result in a dangerous situation depending on what substance had been replaced. Another thing that may have hindered the results of the burning of the magnesium is if the flame wasnt hot enough to burn the magnesium or the piece of magnesium was somehow flawed, where it wouldnt burn. Another thing that would obstruct the correct r esults is if any test tube bust while it was in use, for it couldnt be used to observe the changes occurring anymore. If the candle (from step 1) had so much wax that the wick wasnt exposed enough to light, then it would have made it difficult to perform the first couple steps of the experiment. Error can come from many different sources, but human error is the approximately frequent type of error.ConclusionIt was attempted to perform a variety of experiments to carry out chemical and physical changes. Then, it was judged what kind of change it was. Success was reached in doing this. Chemical changes were observed, such as the wooden splint burning, the magnesium bubbling, and the SO4-2 bonding to the Fe+2. Physical changes were also observed, such as the candle wax melting, the NaCl dissolving in the water, and ripping the magnesium strip in half. A lot was definitely learned about the difference between chemical and physical changes, and how to bring up between the two.

My Experiences as a Learner :: Personal Narrative Learning Education Papers

My Experiences as a Learner I was in first grade and her name was Sister Carol Anne. She even spelled Anne the same way I spelled my middle name Anne which made her better. She was amazing she had this way of always making everyone in the class feel equal. We never knew who received the high grades and who received the diminished grades. We all were working as hard as we could she would say and that was all that mattered. Sister Carol also had ways of showing us how to help for each one other out. If a few students didnt get it then the students who did understand would teach the other students. Looking back Im skeptical because that might unintentionally separate the students into stylishness and stupid groups. However, I remember that at some point or another everyone in that class needed help and everyone was able to teach. She exemplified for us that breeding is more helping and guiding instead of ruling and ordering. I think after that class was when I decided I wanted to be a teacher. It wavered on and off throughout my education but it started there in the first grade.The next significant grades I remember were third grade and twenty-five percent grade for the teaching style and the classroom atmosphere respectively. In third grade my teacher was Sister Edwardine (in case there is still any mental confusion I went to Catholic school my entire life.) I remember her specifically because she taught with stuffed living organisms. We were taught to respect nature and every organism around us, because we are all equal, by using these animals. Everyday, if we behaved, a few students in the class were given an animal to care for and we had to treat it as if it were a real creature. We didnt get to choose our animal however, and I see now how profound her rationale was. She said we didnt get to choose our animals because in life we dont get to choose who is around us in our community and who isnt. She was teaching us that we arent always going to have the ability to chose who and what surrounds us but we must respect them all for their differences. I remember specifically the day she bought us two new animals. They were a male and female skunk. And when the students gathered to name them a few students starting mocking and calling them diss names.

Summary Of Latex Allergy :: essays research papers

Summary on Latex Allergy in the Workplace (from JADA)Latex Allergy in the Workplace first talks slightly the background of the obvious problem of Latex allergy. Natural rubber latex is extracted from the milky sap of the rubber tree Hevea Braziliensis namely in Malaysia. The account of Latex gloves began over a hundred years ago. The first recorded incidence of hypersensitivity (allergic reaction) to the natural rubber Latex occurred in 1939. Because of the upsurge of infectious diseases there was an increase in imported Latex gloves increased from one million in 1987 to eight million in 1988. Also, because of this increase in demand, foreign suppliers didnt cost up to the US requirements in manufacturing the gloves, which has of course resulted in a higher latex exposure. And because of Latex being an allergen, the repeated exposure to it may become intent threatening.Some types of allergic reactions are as followsICD &8211 Irritant Contact Dermatitis &8211 Because of around 20 0 different compounding chemicals in the gloves, and not properly washing workforce after use an itchy, irritated, dryness occurs on the hands.ACD &8211 Allergic Contact Dermatitis (Type IV) &8211 is a delayed reaction to the Latex and usually occurs 24 to 96 hours after exposure. The symptoms of this plastered reaction, is similar to poison ivy.Immediate Hypersensitivity (Type I) &8211 Although the least common reactions to latex, these are the most severe and life-threatening. There have been serious reactions to Latex when inhaled as the proteins are scatter during glove cleaning and removal. In 1997 62% of Latex related deaths were from gloves alone. A positive diagnosis of Latex allergy is made by using the results of a medical history, physical exam, diagnostic/exposure related evaluation, and tests. Some tests include, the patch test, the prick skin test, and radio allegro-sorbent tests. With all these tests there is yet to be a gold standard for diagnosing Latex allergy. The big problem with these tests is that there are a significant number of wrong diagnosis results.The article goes on to tell retributive who is at risk to this allergy and who has increased risk. Everyone really is at risk to developing an allergy to Latex because even if you are not healthcare providers, workers that clear Latex products, or children with spina bifida or urogenital defect (all which have increased risk) you can still be exposed to Latex in many ways.