Overview of Image-Based Shading Techniques

Overview of Image-Based Shading Techniques Rishabh chand sharma Brahmdutt bhora Abstract— Image processing input, such as a photo or video frame is an image for which any form of signal processing functions by using images using mathematical is processing. Most image processing techniques, such as a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image signal is treated. Image processing methods used are two types of analog and digital image processing. Shading is also useful in image rendering. Rendering through computer programs, (collectively, can be called a scene file or model) is the process of creating an image of the 3D model from 2D images. In the processing of images, shading is very important method for smooth the surface and get the results. Shading 3D models with varying levels of darkness in the picture refers to the depiction of depth perception. In this paper we introduce the comparisons between different types of shadings. Here introduce which shading method is best rather than others. Keywords— image processing, image rendering, shading. I. INTRODUCTION An image is an array, or matrix, of square pixels (picture elements) arranged in rows and columns. A grayscale image (8 bit) for each picture element ranges from 0 to 255 that is a fixed intensity. Each picture element of grayscale images (8 bit) usually calls a black and white image, but the image includes many shades of gray. Here shows square grayscale image which have different type of shade with differ values means each pixel have a particular value within range (0 to 255). Figure 1: Each pixel has a value from 0 (black) to 255 (white). The possible range of the pixel values depend on the colour depth of the image, here 8 bit = 256 tones or grayscales. Image processing: An image processing system is to get a magnified image (digital image) from an image or to extract some useful information from it. This is a method to take some action on it. The characteristics associated with the input image or the image can be output as video frames or photo, is a type of image in which the signal system. They have already set up to implement signal processing methods, image processing systems, while generally treated as two-dimensional signals, images. Image processing basically includes the following three steps- Image importing with the optical scanner or digital photography. Analysis and data compression and image enhancement which include manipulating the image and satellite images that is not like the human eye for spotting pattern. The production is based on the result image or image analysis in the report can be changed, which is in the final stage. Image processing methods used are two types of analog and digital image processing. Analog or printout of image processing and visualization techniques like photographs can be used for hard copies. Digital processing technology is using computer manipulation of digital images that helps. The method by which images are produced the real space, light, and the interactions between objects in the camera often significant shading across the image field of view leads to situations where exhibits. In some cases, may be bright in the center of the image and the same goes to the edge of the field of view as the decrease in brightness. In other cases, the image on the right side to the left may be darker and lighter. Cinematography non-uniform illumination, non-uniform sensitivity camera, or on the glass can also be caused by dirt and dust (lens) surfaces. Shading: Shading 3D models with varying levels of darkness in the picture refers to the depiction of depth perception. Shading is use in the MIP and LMIP [1]. Here we include two types of shading techniques. Flat shading Smooth shading Further we discuss in part II about image rendering and modeling, in part III discuss about shading techniques used in image rendering and conclude the paper in part IV. II. IMAGE BASED MODELING AND RENDERING Image-based modeling and rendering techniques, image synthesis recently a powerful alternative to traditional geometry-based technology has received as much attention [2]. Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model by means of a software program. The model is a description of three dimensional objects in a strictly defined data structure. It contains geometry, viewpoint, texture and lighting information [3]. We can distinguish two fundamental approaches to rendering: geometry-based and image-based rendering. In geometry-based rendering, a scene is described using geometrical primitives, which are discredited into points, lines and triangles for rendering [3]. In image-based rendering, a scene is rendered making use of multiple input images, without any 3D object or scene information [3]. Most rendering algorithms are a combination of these two paradigms, for example texture mapping (image-based) in polygon rendering (geometry-based) [3]. In the image rendering we use three types of rendering techniques. Scanline rendering: Scanline rendering instead of a line-by-line on the works that appear as 3D computer graphics, is an algorithm to determine the surface of a polygon-to-polygon or pixel by pixel. All of polygons before they appear for the first time at which the Y, the image on the front of each line or polygon with scanline sorted list by using the intersection of a scanline calculations, are solved by coordinating the provided that the sorted list is not as advanced active scaline photo below, visible long polygon is updated to discard. The main advantage of this method is that the scanning plane with the usual sorting corner reduces the number of comparisons between the edges. Ray tracing: Ray tracing through pixels in an image plane of light tracing the path of light through pixels and their encounters with virtual objects to create an image by simulating the effect of a technique. Ray casting: Ray casting computer graphics and computational geometry to solve a variety of problems in testing is the use of ray-surface intersection. 2D image based rendering: Such sprites, billboards, Impostors, and Layering image on a screen to display images as 2D techniques. Sprites, billboards, and Impostors some demarcation geometry as a structure instead of applying the image, image technique employs an off-screen. 3D image based rendering: 3D IBR 2-D methods when compared to the realism of rendered images, but only slightly increased with the complexity that involves the addition of several techniques. Examples of IBR layered 3D depth, images, view morphing, and includes view interpolation. 4D image based rendering: Last IBR approach to provide a four-dimensional function, a simplified view function Plenoptic implements. Image data for synthetic and real-world scenes recently developed two methods for rendering camera views have been. Figure 2: A variety of rendering techniques applied to a single 3D scene III. IMAGE BASED SHADING AND TECHNIQUES Color presents a problem for shape-from-shading methods because it affects the apparent â€Å"shading† and hence the apparent shape as well [4]. We take as our deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nition of shading that it is the sum of all the processes affecting the image intensity other than changes in surface color (hue or brightness). Shading arises from changes in surface orientation and illumination intensity [4]. Shading 3D models with varying levels of darkness in the picture refers to the depiction of depth perception. Shading less dense or lighter areas with a lighter shade or darker areas more densely media apply a darker shade on the paper with dark levels is used for illustration in the drawing, and is . The straight lines of varying proximity to the shadows are drawn in a grid pattern in a region where there are different techniques of cinematography, including the cross hatching. Dark, with the lines and odd field appears. Similarly, the different lines, appears lighter area. Figure 3: Example of shading In the image processing, we shaded the image with the help of two techniques- Flat shading Smooth shading Flat shading: Their respective colors and a lighting technology is used in each polygon of an object based on the angle between the intensity of the light source 3D computer graphics and general surface light source in the direction of flat polygon shading shadow. The main disadvantage of the flat shading, the low polygon model provides a versatile look. Sometimes may be it boxy look modeling objects such as profit through. Smooth shading: The main disadvantage of the flat shading, the low polygon model provides a versatile look. Sometimes it boxy look modeling objects such smooth shading, pixel by pixel, to the contrary, flat shading with color changes. The curved surfaces of the polygon vertices interpolation technique uses to calculate the values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the pixels holds. Smooth shading Hakrup divided into two major categories through the benefits might be. Gouroud shading: Gouraud shading surfaces represented by polygon meshes to produce continuous shading of computer graphics is used as an interpolation method. Gouraud shading is most often at the corners of each triangle of light and linear triangle covered by computing the resulting color for each pixel by interpolating surfaces triangle is used to obtain continuous light. Gouraud shading, flat shading and Phong shading is considered better than the much less processing is required, but generally results in a multilateral track. Phong shading than, Gouraud shading strength and weakness lies in its projection. The corner count expensive light color values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹from samples interpolating, corner than a mesh screen space covers more pixels, so as to reduce the processor Phong shading calculations performed for each pixel of light is intense. However, the highly localized light effects will not be rendered correctly, and in the middle of a polygon is a highlight, but does not spread to the top of the polygon, then it will not be clear in rendering a Gouraud; A highlight is on top of a polygon Conversely, if, it will be rendered correctly on the summit, but all through the neighboring polygon interpolation method will be spread across unnatural. Figure 4: Comparisions of Flat shading and Gouroud shading Phong shading: Phong shading 3D computer graphics shading the surface as an interpolation technique shows. It also called Fong interpolation or normal vector interpolation shading. In particular, the rasterized polygon normals across the surface of the interpolated normals and interpolates and calculates a reflection model based on pixel color. Interpolation and Fong Fong Fong shading also can refer to specific combinations of reflection model. Gouraud shading Phong shading correction and the shading of a smooth surface provides a better approximation. Phong shading a smooth surface normal vector is different. Phong reflection model, such as the small specular highlights that when applied to a reflection model Fong interpolation method works better than Gouraud shading. Figure 5:Visual illustration of the Phong equation: here the light is white, the ambient and diffuse colors are both blue, and the specular color is white, reflecting a small part of the light hitting the surface, but only in very narrow highlights. The intensity of the diffuse component varies with the direction of the surface, and the ambient component is uniform (independent of direction). Specular highlights are found in the middle of a large polygon Gouraud shading with the most serious problem occurs. The specular highlights peak based on the color of the polygon vertices and Gouraud shading interpolates are absent, specular highlighting will disappear from the interior of the polygon. This problem is fixed by Phong shading. Figure 6: Comparisions between flat shading and phong Shading Figure 7: Comparisions between flat, gouroud and phong shading IV. CONCLUSION Image processing is the wide area use in everywhere like in medical, video games, visual effects etc. Rendering is the method for view digital images and process them. Shading is use in image rendering. In this paper we represent the shading techniques and show the comparisons between them. Now conclusion of this paper is, Phong shading is better than other shading techniques like as flat shading and gouroud shading. In the further technologies we discuss the upcoming shading techniques. V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The first guide is thankful to Brahdutt Bohra for instructive suggestions, and also wants to thank the Dr. Surender yadav. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life. REFERENCES [1] Feng Ling, Ling Yang. â€Å"Improved on Maximum intensity projection†. 2009 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence .978-0-7695-3816-7/09 $26.00  © 2009 IEEE DOI 10.1109/AICI.2009.202. [2] Heung-Yeung Shum and Sing Bing Kang. â€Å"A Review of Image-based Rendering Techniques†. [3] Mandakini Kaushik, Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi, Dr. Lokesh Kumar Sharma. â€Å"A Overview of Point-based Rendering Techniques†. International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology- volume3Issue1- 2012. ISSN: 2231-2803. [4]Brian V. Funt, Mark S. Drew, and Michael Brockington. â€Å"Recovering Shading from Color Images†. ECCV’92, Second European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 124-132, May, 1992.

Play Production In The Greek & Elizabethan Eras Essay

The contemporary Greek play was an amalgamation of several artistic tools like pictures for example the one shown below which conveyed strong message to the audience. There were numerous other scenic elements used in the Greek theater. When a crane was used (called machina in Greek), it gave an impression of an airborne actor. A wheeled wagon was also common in the Greek playhouses and it made it possible for the audience to view dead characters. Openings in the ground, for example trap doors, were vital as they were used to elevate people onto the stage. Pictures like the one above, pinakes, were used to demonstrate a scene’s backdrop. Satyr plays were very common in the Greek playhouses just as were the tragedies. Phallic props were used in such plays to symbolize fertility in of the Roman and the Greek god of wine- Dionysus. Elizabethan acting was not any near ‘naturalistic.’ The repertory of the Elizabethan era was extremely divergent from that of the present as was the demands on Elizabethan actors compared to the present day’s actors. Elizabethan theaters in two weeks could frequently present â€Å"eleven shows of ten dissimilar plays†. Playhouses would not show again the same play two days in a row. The Elizabethan Era was moment that reflected the atmosphere and values of the 16th century through the application of fashion. It was a phase where a lot of uniqueness and originality was manifest and was used to produce fresh styles of dress. The style in Elizabethan England at this time replicated the worth and principles of the era. The physical theatre spaces, sets, Costumes, Lights, Who would be in the audience Much may not be available to talk about the performance space for the Greek plays. This because all that is available for consultation is basically the works of literature. However, the Greek performances took place in theaters which could be subdivided into three: Athenian, Graeco-Roman and Hellenistic. In the Elizabethan era the theater consisted of theater not only as a form of art but also as a form of institution as well. There was originality then as evidenced in dressing styles and the costumes. However, the Elizabethan playhouse never made use of prolific or lavish scenery, but as an alternative the stage was left largely exposed with a few key props, the chief visual appeal on stage was in the costumes. Costumes were habitually brilliant in color and visually enchanting. Costumes were expensive, nonetheless, so generally players wore fashionable clothing in spite of the time interlude of the play. Intermittently, a lead character would be dressed in a conventionalized edition of more historically accurate apparel, but secondary characters would nevertheless remain in fashionable attire- (Bracewell, N. 1999). The Greek theaters were filled with Athenians who formed a majority of the judges (audience). There was an extremely large audience who were won by the playwrights through distribution of small gifts and flattery as well. Dealing with rowdy (in the strict sense of being extremely loud) was a challenge the playwrights had learned to deal with through performance of some outrageous and interesting act to draw the attention of the spectators. What might be the topic of a play in theater?   What was not acceptable as a topic for a play? The Greek plays circulated around tragedies, comedies or satyrs. This was also the case with Elizabethan era whose plays got much support fro the queen. In the Greek era women were forbidden from acting thus all the actors then were men. In terms of the experience, in relation to the Elizabethan era, the religiosity of the community or the individual played a major role. However, most of those who went to the theaters enjoyed dancing and playing other games like cards. In the Greek era, it was quite a motivating factor that every day of performance there had to be at least totally different issue or subject matter of performance. It would therefore motivate audience who crowded the Athenian theaters to have their full experience. In this era too, the experience of an individual was wholly or jointly dependent on the social class of the community or individual. The higher caste would have their best when it comedy while the lower class individuals were little more violent- (Ruben F. 2006).

Nuclear Power Vs Coal Burning Environmental Sciences Essay

Nuclear and coal discharged power Stationss provided about half of the electricity generated in the UK in 2007. Figure 1 shows a dislocation of the parts made by all of the beginnings of fuel used to bring forth electricity in that twelvemonth. Figure 1: Fuel used for UK electricity coevals on an end product footing in 2007 [ 1 ] . Coal is an cheap fuel that is comparatively easy to mine and the UK still has big militias. In 2001 the universe militias of recoverable coal were 1083 billion metric tons which is adequate to last over 200 old ages at current World ingestion degrees. [ 2 ] Unlike oil and gas, the bulk of which is concentrated in the politically sensitive country of the Middle East, the largest militias of coal are in North America, Russia, China and India. Nuclear power Stationss use comparatively little sums of fuel compared to char, so uranium can be easy stock piled. Known uranium stocks are merely plenty for approximately 50 to sixty old ages at current ingestion degrees. However, much of the U is available from less sensitive parts such as Australia, Canada and the United States, { see Appendix 1 } . Nuclear workss are powered by enriched uranium pellets. To guarantee continuation of electricity supply, up to 100 dozenss of pellets may be stored at each reactor at any clip. Each one inch pellet can bring forth the same sum of energy as one ton of coal [ 3 ] . This is because power station class coal has a calorific value of about 26 GJ/tonne and U has a calorific value of between 420,000 and 672,000 GJ/tonne i.e. about 20,000 times as big. [ 4 ] The mean thermic efficiency for atomic workss in the UK in 2005 was 38 % [ 5 ] . The newest coal engineering can accomplish about 48 % efficiency [ 6 ] . For comparing, typical efficiencies for the assorted ways of bring forthing electricity in the UK are shown in Appendix 2. Nuclear and coal discharged power Stationss work in much the same manner. Water is heated to do steam which turns turbines connected to generators which produce electrical power. The difference is that in atomic power Stationss a concatenation reaction is used to do the heat alternatively of firing coal. Nuclear power workss create heat through the fission of U atoms that are split by slow traveling neutrons bring forthing tremendous sums of energy. Figure 2 shows the basic designs of ( a ) dodo fuel workss and ( B ) atomic workss. Figure 2 Comparison of typical designs of fossil fuel and atomic workss [ 7 ] With coal fired Stationss the immediate pollution job is air borne atoms. The ash produced in the burning chamber besides presents a major waste control job because of the immense sums created. For illustration, a 1000MW coal fired station produces about 400,000 metric tons of ash per twelvemonth [ 8 ] . Whereas, 12,000 metric tons of waste is generated by all of the universe ‘s atomic reactors per twelvemonth. [ 8a ] Nuclear power workss do non bring forth the air pollution associated with coal, but the spent fuel is a risky waste that can stay a radioactive menace for 1000s of old ages. The fact that the atomic station needs a containment edifice to envelop the reactors highlights the possible danger of atomic power. The containment edifice has a strengthened concrete shell lined with steel which acts as a radiation shield to forestall any release of radiation in the event of an accident. It is designed to be strong plenty to defy temblors, aircraft impacts and sabotage efforts. The three major events that have slowed the advancement of the atomic industry worldwide are the Windscale fire of 1957, the Three Mile Island partial reactor meltdown in 1979, and the more serious Chernobyl reactor meltdown in 1986. The incidents showed the demand for a containment edifice because with the Three Mile Island accident the radioactive dust was successfully contained. Whereas, the Chernobyl and Windscale reactors did non hold a containment edifice which resulted in big countries of the environing countryside being contaminated by radioactive dust. The Windscale incident was on a much smaller graduated table than Chernobyl with a thousand times less radioactive Iodine 131 being released. [ 9 ] In all of the incidents hapless on the job patterns, faulty or unequal equipment and complacence about safety issues were involved. These incidents and the tremendous cost of decommissioning the reactors has meant that for many old ages at that place have been no programs to construct any more atomic reactors in the UK. Coal fired power workss have been associated with smog, acerb rain and planetary heating. They besides release metals such as quicksilver, arsenic, Be, Cd, lead and Se which can be deposited on dirt, in lakes and in watercourses where they become long term environmental pollutants. Gass associated with firing coal include C dioxide, the chief nursery gas blamed for planetary heating and clime alteration ; sulfur dioxide which can do acerb rain ; and N oxides which are responsible for ground-level ozone. Particulate affair, which includes dust, carbon black, nitrates and sulfates is besides emitted doing respiratory jobs and asthma onslaughts. Natural coal besides contains trace sums of radioactive U and Th. This is non a job until coal is burned bring forthing fly ash, which concentrates the original degrees of U and Th by a factor of 10. Surprisingly, ‘the fly ash emitted by a power works carries into the environing environment 100 times more radiation than a atomic power works bring forthing the same sum of energy ‘ . [ 10 ] The environmental jobs associated with coal have led to a push for ‘clean coal ‘ steps to restrict emanations and to capture the CO2. For illustration, fluke gas desulphurisation systems can take up 99 % of the sulfur dioxide. The procedure besides produces gypsum which is used in the building industry. Nitrogen oxides are controlled utilizing particular burners which cut down the O supply to the hottest portion of the burning chamber where the coal is burned. Electrostatic precipitators can take more than 99 % of the particulates from the fluke gas by making a charge on the atoms which are so attracted by aggregation home bases. Fabric filters and wet particulate scrubbers are besides used. As CO2 is a nursery gas the proposed method is to capture the gas and shop it underground before it can get away to the ambiance. Figure 3 shows an illustrations of how a CO2 gaining control system might be used.Key1. CO2 pumped into obsolete coal Fieldss displaces methane which can be used as fuel 2. Carbon dioxide can be pumped into and stored safely in saline aquifers 3. CO2 pumped into oil Fieldss helps keep force per unit area, doing extraction easier Figure 3 Options for informations gaining control and storage The construct of C gaining control and storage has been proven by little scale systems but commercially feasible large-scale systems have non yet been developed. Coal mines can be unsafe and soiled topographic points and unfastened dramatis personae excavation in peculiar can go forth an unpleasant landscape. Coal mineworkers can be affected by pneumonoconiosis, or black lung disease, and emphysema if they breathe in excessively much of the coal dust. Transporting coal by lorry and train from the mine to the power station causes pollution. As the older coal fired and atomic power Stationss reach the terminal of their utile lives, determinations will hold to be made about their replacing. Should atomic or coal be considered for the following coevals of power Stationss in the UK? In an ideal universe the reply would likely be no ; but in the existent universe the concerns of authoritiess are energy security and supplying a uninterrupted supply of electricity at a sensible monetary value. Therefore, it is likely that one or both will play a important portion in the proviso of base burden electricity for the foreseeable hereafter because feasible options are non yet available. The instance for atomic power must get down by sing the fact that installed safety systems have non prevented three major atomic accidents in the last 50 old ages. No 1 could give a 100 % confidence that a major catastrophe will non go on in the hereafter ; but the atomic industry has been scrutinised more than any other industry in history and hence the safety steps are as near to state-of-the-art as possible. Progresss in nanotechnology may bring forth better control and feeling devices to farther better safety steps. In recent old ages ‘while the agreements for storage have proved to be satisfactory and the installations have been operated without major jobs, it is by and large agreed that these agreements are interim, that is, they do non stand for a concluding and lasting solution ‘ . [ 12 ] However, work on atomic transubstantiation, that can potentially cut down the clip that the waste is unsafe from 1000s of old ages to possibly five hundred old ages, [ 8a ] , may do it more toothsome. Nanotechnology research into disassemblers may bring forth applications in atomic risky waste direction. Coal generated power is a good established engineering that people are familiar with. However, it has a repute for being a dirty industry that can be unsafe for its workers and bring forth a visually unpleasant environment. In recent old ages the clime alteration argument has intensified and coal, which produces the most greenhouse gases of the fossil fuels, has been targeted as a major cause of planetary heating. The efforts to clean up the industry will potentially cut down the job but will be dearly-won and may take many old ages to demo any betterments. One factor that may work in its favor is the recent discrediting of scientists look intoing clime alteration. Allegations were made that ‘climate scientists had doctored informations to show that worlds are responsible for planetary heating ‘ and ‘the universe ‘s most of import administration for supervising clime alteration claimed that the Himalayan glaciers would vanish by 2035 without the backup of peer-reviewed research ‘ . [ 11 ] This has allowed advocates of coal fired Stationss to propose that the instance for planetary heating has been overstated and that coal and other dodo fuelled power Stationss may be acceptable after all. China, India and other developing states are likely to be constructing 100s of coal fired power Stationss in the close hereafter. If the clime alteration anteroom has got it right it would look irresponsible for the UK to add to the job. Furthermore, a new coevals of atomic power Stationss would assist the UK authorities to run into its mark of cutting nursery gas emanations by 80 % by 2050. There is grounds that determinations are being made within authorities to unclutter the way for new atomic power Stationss. [ ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2010/jul/27/decc-carbon-calculator } } . The trust on imported gas from some of the universe ‘s most unstable parts is considered unacceptable and favorable remarks associating to atomic power coevals have been made. The most recent grounds is EDF Energy uncovering programs to pass ?1billion in 2011 on new contracts and readying work for the Hinkley Point atomic power station in Somerset. [ ] { 13/02/11 Mail on Sunday Tom McGhie } After due consideration, I would give probationary support to a revitalized atomic industry in the UK working under the strictest of examination. I would trust that the major technological jobs with the handling of risky atomic waste will be solved in the close hereafter. Besides, if atomic power coevals receives more public credence, research into the fast breeder reactors and the long term end of power from atomic merger may have a encouragement. These developments would ease the waste job and do atomic power more sustainable in the long term.Appendix 1Table 1 Known recoverable resources of uranium [ 3a ] The top portion of the tabular array shows the â€Å" sensible assured resources † and â€Å" inferred resources, † at cost less than $ 130 per kilogram of U, as of 1 Jan 2005. These are the estimated resources in countries where geographic expedition has taken topographic point. There is besides 1.3 million dozenss of low uranium sitting about in reserves, a byproduct of old uranium activities.Appendix 2Source – Eurelectric hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mpoweruk.com/energy_efficiency.htm

Treating Jellyfish and Man-O-War Stings

Its beach weather! The ocean is full of fun, but its also full of wildlife, including jellyfish. Do you know what to do if you or someone with you sees a jellyfish or is stung by one? You should know the answer to these questions before you go to the beach since an encounter with a jellyfish can be a painful or possibly lethal experience. As a matter of practical chemistry, your biggest risk from a jellyfish or man of war sting may come from improper first aid intended to deal with the venom, so pay attention... Key Takeaways: Treating Jellyfish and Man of War Stings Jellyfish and the Portuguese man-of-war can deliver painful and potentially life-threatening stings.The first step of first aid is to remove the victim from the water. While some people are allergic to venom, the main risk comes from drowning.Seek emergency aid if the victim is having trouble breathing.For simple stings, use a shell or credit card to remove any tentacles clinging to skin.Vinegar is the most common chemical used to deactivate the stinging cells. While its fine to use salt water to rinse the area, fresh water should be avoided because it can cause stinging cells to release venom all at once.Its best to avoid jellyfish. Tentacles from dead animals can still sting! Question: What should you do if you see a jellyfish?Best Answer: Leave it alone.If its in the water, get away from it. If its on the beach and you need to walk around it, walk above it (dune side) rather than below it (surf side), since it may be trailing tentacles. Keep in mind a jellyfish does not need to be alive in order to sting you. Detached tentacles are capable of stinging and releasing venom for several weeks.My Actual Answer: It depends on what kind of jellyfish it is.I realize if it looks like floating jelly, its considered a jellyfish, but there are different types of jellyfish and also animals that look like jellyfish but are something else entirely. Not all jellyfish can hurt you. The jellyball pictured above, for example, is common off the coast of South Carolina, where I live. What do you do when you see one? If you are a kid, youll probably pick it up and throw it at another kid (unless its alive and then you avoid it because they kind of hurt when the waves throw on e at you). This is a non-venomous jellyfish. Most parts of the world have non-venomous jellyfish, which tend to be easy-to-spot. Its the jellyfish you dont see that present the biggest threat. Many jellyfish are transparent. The moon jellyfish is a common example. You probably wont see them in the water, so if you are stung you wont know exactly what got you. If you see a jellyfish and dont know what type it is, treat it like a venomous species and get away from it. The Portuguese man of war has a pink or blue float. Darieus / Getty Images Question: How do I treat a jellyfish sting?Answer: Act quickly and calmly to remove the tentacles, stop the stinging, and deactivate any toxin.Here is where people get confused because the best steps to take depend on what type of animal caused the sting. Heres a good basic strategy, especially if you dont know what caused the sting: Get out of the water. Its easier to deal with the sting and it takes drowning out of the equation.Rinse the affected area with sea water. Do not use fresh water! Fresh water will cause any stinging cells that havent fired (called nematocysts) to do so and release their venom, possibly worsening the situation. Do not rub sand on the area (same reason).If you see any tentacles, carefully lift them off the skin and remove them with a stick, shell, credit card, or towel (just not your bare hand). They will stick to swimwear, so use caution touching clothing.Keep an eye on the victim. If you see any signs of an allergic reaction, call 911 immediately. Symptoms could include difficulty breathing, nausea, or dizziness. Some redness and swelling is normal, but if it spreads outward from the sting or if you see hives on other parts of the body, that could indicate an allergic response. If you suspect a reaction, do not hesitate to seek medical attention!Now... if you are sure the sting is fro m a jellyfish and not a Portuguese Man of War the Man of War is not a true jellyfish) or any other animal, you can use chemistry to your advantage to inactivate the toxin, which is a protein. (Technically the venom tends to be a mixture of polypeptides and proteins including catecholamines, histamine, hyaluronidase, fibrolysins, kinins, phospholipases, and assorted toxins). How do you inactivate proteins? You can change the temperature or acidity by applying heat or an acid or base, such as vinegar or baking soda or diluted ammonia, or even an enzyme, such as the papain found in papaya and meat tenderizer. However, chemicals may cause the stinging cells to fire, which is bad news for someone allergic to jellyfish toxin or anyone stung by a Portuguese Man of War. If you do not know what caused the sting or if you suspect it is from a Man of War, do not apply fresh water or any chemical. Your best course of action is to apply heat to the affected area since it penetrates the skin and inactivates the toxin without causing more venom to be injected. Also, heat quickly helps alleviate the pain of the sting. Hot seawater is great, but if you dont have that handy, use any warmed object.Some people carry aloe vera gel, Benadryl cream, or hydrocortisone cream. Im not sure how effective the aloe is, but Benadryl is an antihistamine, which may help limit an allergic response to the sting. Hydrocortisone can help reduce inflammation. If you seek medical attention and used Benadryl or hydrocortisone, be sure to alert the medical professionals. Acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen commonly are used to relieve pain.The Portuguese Man of War (Physalia physalis) looks a lot like a jellyfish, but it is a different animal. While the blue or pink sail cannot harm you, the trailing tentacles pack a potentially-lethal sting. The tentacles can sting you even if the animal is dead.