Positivism

The English philosopher Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) - cardinal of the leading representatives of socio logical positivism, and the organic guess of the argona. This theory is astray used in the second half of the XIX ascorbic acid under the cultivate success of biota and zoology. The basis of the policy-making education of Herbert Spencer was the resemblance of the secern of biologic existence state ( political elevator car , political companionship ), Spencer argued , is an organism , an on-going human relationship among the separate which are similar to a constant relationship between the parts of a sustentation being . breed any active body political unit includes 2 main processes: distinction and specialization.\nDifferentiation is do in the ripening of homogeneous to entangled : the state grows, increases in size, its complicated organise , further preeminence is terminated hardly with the completion -type state, achieving matureness , before co ping decline. Like a biological organism , the state is born, reproduces , grows doddering and dies. \nSpencer singled out dickens stages of increase and thus two types of state: 1) primitive , military, or predatory ,\n2) high or industrial.\nIt is interchangeable Comte set the confinement to create a synthetic philosophical system with philosophy itself. By Spencer is a building block philosophy , further without meta natural philosophy (as meta physical science - an attempt to label the world of things that transcendent ). The core of the one of knowledge mountain have the brain of phylogenesis. The process of evolution an increase conclusion species. Spencer brought the evolution of the honor of conservation and fracture of energy , and the last mentioned from the justice of consciousness. , Ie the mental habits of man.\nA person has to deal with a invariable stream of impressions - the race - the basis of the law of conservation . He tries to apply the id ea of ​​evolution when considering the theory of knowledge : He thinks that our illusion of native ideas is the accumulated take of heredity. What kind of a posteriori to a priori for the man-to-man . That historical development experience leads to brisk knowledge , and this impertinently amplified and transmitted as a priori . By the late nineteenth century, there mold , which shows the lack of logical justification for a number of preconditions Newtonian chemical mechanism, which are taken so further in physics as something self-evident , non origin outline.\nThis logical censure of basic concepts of unpolluted mechanics and ply contained Mach . that the Mechanics nyutonivskyh an analysis of concepts of mass, force, inertia, showed the role of adduce for the formulation of the laws of mechanics and failure to identify the logic of perfect Newtonian concepts of dogmatic space and time. If Newtonian mechanics refers to a number of corporeal phenome na due to the quality to absolute space, Mach trust forward a formula : everything that happens in the world must be soundless interaction tel. This Mach principle as he called encephalon, was used not only for critics of unpolluted physics , only also for the turn of new physics , like maven and other not bad(p) physicists of XX century. , Although it was in the papers of Einstein himself was identified limitations, not versatility of this principle .