The Effect of Temperature on Rate of Reaction Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Temperature on Rate of Reaction EssayIn this experiment I shall be look into how temperature affects the run of chemical substance contradictionRates of reactionThe Factors that affect the prise of reaction argon temperature, surface area, concentration, catalysts, take down and pressure emerge area Surface area is the center of whole surface that is available for reaction Only affects solids so this allow for not affect our experiment When the surface area change magnitudes the rate of reaction increases as in that respect is more surface area for the particles to work on, thus, there are more collisions per second Example It is easier to light a fire with small pieces of stick than using elephantine blocks of woodConcentration Concentration is the amount of molecules of a substance in a precondition volume Concentration affects solids, gases and liquid so this will affect our experiment When the concentration increases the rate of reaction increases as there are more molecules present, and so there are more collisions between molecules (Collision theory) Example zinc reacts fairly slowly with dilute hydrochloric sexually transmitted disease however when the paneling is concentrated, the rate of reaction increases. Catalysts A catalyst is a substance which speeds up therate of reaction without itself going undergoing any permanent chemical change this means only small amounts of catalysts are needed to speed up reactions When a catalyst is involved in an experiment there is slight energy needed for the reaction therefore there is more collisions per second We will not be using catalysts in our experiment Example Decomposing hydrogen hydrogen peroxidesolution at room temperature is very slow, but using a small amount of manganese oxide greatly increases the reaction rate and type O is given off rapidlyLight Light is a form of energy and it ca utilises many chemical reactions to take place. Light does not affect o ur experiment Example PhotosynthesisTemperatureCollision theory is used to explicate how different factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction. For a reaction to take place the reactant particles must(prenominal) collide with each other with adequate energy (activation energy), this energy is used to switch the bonds between the particles. If the particles do not bemuse enough energy they will bounce off each other without reacting. By increasing the temperature the particles gain more energy and move faster causing more collisions per second.10oC 60oCPrevious ExperimentsThese prior experiments give us background information on rates of reactionAcid and limestoneCaCO3(s) + 2HCL(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)Apparatus conelike flask, hydrochloric acetous, stain chips, cotton wool and scalesIn this experiment we mix a certain crowd together of large marble chips with a certain volume of hydrochloric loony toons in a conical flask and use cotton wool to trap the acid sp ray. As the carbon dioxide is given off from the flask, the mixture loses mass, this is thrifty and natureed every minute until the reaction is over. The experiment is repeated again using the same mass of marble chips and the same volume of hydrochloric acid and the same temperature but instead using small marble chips. When we look at our results we find that the larger marble chips take more clipping to react than the smaller marble chips which show that as the surface area increases, the rate of reaction increases.Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solutionH2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)Apparatus Conical flask, gas syringe, hydrogen peroxide solution and solid manganese oxideIn this experiment we firstly measure the time taken for hydrogen peroxide to decompose and produce 50cm3 of oxygen at room temperature and without a catalyst. We use a gas syringe to measure the oxygen given off. Then we repeat the experiment but instead annex a small amount of solid manganese oxide to the h ydrogen peroxide solution. When we look at our results we find that without the catalyst (manganese oxide) the reaction is very slow, but when we add the catalyst the decomposition is very fast and oxygen israpidly given off which shows that catalysts increase the rate of reaction.Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidNa2S2O3(aq) + 2HCL(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O(l)Apparatus Sodium thiosulphate, hydrochloric acid, stop measure, a measuring cylinder and tweed paper with a black bodgeIn this experiment we vary the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate, add it to a given volume of hydrochloric acid and time how long it takes for the mixture to go cloudy and the cross to disappear. When we look at our results we see that as we increase the concentration of sodium thiosulphate the rate of reaction increases. surmisalMy prediction is, as the temperature of the reaction mixture increases so to will the rate of reaction as at higher temperatures the particles have more en ergy and will collide more hence increasing the rate of reaction. This is explained by the collision theory. The collision theory overly allows me to predict that my time against temperature graph will have negative correlation as the time taken will decrease as the temperature increases. I also predict this graph will be curved as the time taken will not be directly proportional to the temperature. I also predict that as I increase the temperature of the mixture, the time taken for the cross to disappear will decrease.ReactionIn my experiment I shall be investigating the effect of temperature on a reaction rate by reacting sodium thiosulphate in dilute hydrochloric acid as shown in the equation belowSodium + hydrochloric Sodium + Sulphur + Sulphur + Water thiosulphate acid chloride dioxideNa2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCL (aq) 2NaCl (aq)+ SO2 (g) + S (s) + H2O (l) Sodium thiosulphate is a clear liquid and hydrochloric acid is a clear liquid, when they react together the solution turns cloudy du e to the sulphur.The reaction is exothermic as the energy required to break the bonds is less than the energy needed to make new bonds.ProcedureApparatus Conical flask standard cylinder Bunsen burner Thermometer Stop clock White paper with a black cross system1. Measure out 10 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate and 40cm3 of water into a flask. Measure out 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid an a measuring cylinder 2. Heat the thiosulphate solution to the required temperature using a Bunsen burner 3. minimal brain damage the acid and start the stop clock. Swirl the flask to mix the solutions and put the solution on the whiten paper with a black cross 4. Look down at the cross and stop the clock and note the time taken when the cross has disappeared. Record the temperature of the mixture in the flask.VariablesThe variables we will need to stop constant are The concentration of sodium thiosulphate The concentration of hydrochloric acid The volume of hydrochloric acid The same food color of cross T he same thickness of cross Look at the cross from the same heightThe unconditional variable is the temperature. We will take 7 different records between 10o-70o We will do each recording 5 times and get an average to make sure the results are accurate.ResultsI will record my results in the table and make a time against temperature and a 1/time against temperature graph as shown below