The Difference In Physical And Chemical Properties

The Difference In Physical And chemic PropertiesEverything type issuing is branded in the physiological world with properties that define what it is and how it be absorbs when in the presence of other vegetable marrows. These properties give the amount of money, whatever it may be, its own distinctive features that can be used to identify it. These properties can be determined by measuring and observing the material under different conditions. But any substance impart have not merely one and only(a) set of properties, but 2 sets of different properties. These two sets leave behind be visible properties and chemical substance substance properties.A bodily property is a feature of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Many of these properties are properties that we can see with our look or feel with our hands, such as texture, shape, color, size, or smoothness. Even things such as conductivity, malleability, and ductility are physical properties. There are in any case two different kinds of physical properties. Intensive physical properties are features that will be the corresponding no matter how much of the substance is present. On the other hand, long physical properties are properties that do depend on the amount of the substance present, such as mass, volume, length, and height. These are all physical properties because they can all be observed without making the substance into a different substance.As soon as the substance is turned into a different substance, it is considered a chemical property. Chemical properties describe the ability of a substance to change its identity. Anything that can be done to a substance that will change its identity is considered a chemical property, such as its flammability (in case of a fire) or its reactivity (how it reacts to other chemicals). If a substance changed into a different substance by dint of a chemical reaction, then it has a chemical property relat ed to that change. The change it went through is a chemical change.Chemical changes can as well as be called chemical reactions. In a chemical change, the identity of a substance will be changed, and it will have different properties. These changes can be shown in a chemical equation, like thisHCl + NaOH NaCl + H2OThis equation shows than when HCl, a strong acid, reacts with NaOH, a strong base, the chemical reaction results in sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). Physical changes can withal occur. The difference is that instead of the substance changing its identity, it changes form. After a physical change, the properties of the substance will remain the same. There are three main types of physical changes. The first is mechanical physical change, such as tearing, crushing, or breaking a substance. Second, a solution could be made, like when salt is dissolved in water. No new substances are formed even though the salt is dissolved. The salt could still be filtered out. Thir dly, changes in the narrate of matter are also a physical change. Water that changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas is all physical changes. The equation to show this looks like thisH2O(s) H2O(l) H2O(g)The earn in the subscript convey what state of matter the H2O is in. The s stands for solid, the l for liquid, and the g for gas. The reason it is a physical change is because the chemical crap of the substance is still the same throughout. If the chemical cod-up of the substance changes, then it is a chemical change.Problem To carry out several chemical physical changes to judge whether they are chemical or physical.Hypothesis It is expected that the chemical changes will cause much more noticeable observationsMaterials-MatchEyedropper-Candle (held stationary by clay)-10 drops of 0.1 M AgNO3 (silver process)-woodwind instrumenten splint-One piece (about 3cm) of Magnesium (Mg)-2 Watch Glasses-10 drops of 6 M HCl (concentratedhydrochloric acid)-Small spatula of NaCl-Tongs-10 mL of water (divided up into 2, 5mLdivisions)-Bunsen Burner-2 Test tubes-Mortar and Pestle-Test tube cork-CuSO45H2O (Copper II sulfate pentahydrate)-A some filings of Fe (iron)Diagrams*On attached pages*ProcedureLight a match and use it to light a candle held stationary by a piece of clay. Observe the flame, the wick, and the wax for several minutes. say observations.Obtain a wooden splint and break it in half. Place the end of one half of the wooden splint into the candle flame. Extinguish the flames of both the candle and the splint. Place the splint into a watch glass and observe. place down observations. Dispose of the wood in the designated waste container.Place a small spatula of NaCl (sodium chloride) into a small test tube. Add 5 mL of water. Cover the test tube with a test tube cork and shake the contents of the tube. Record observations. Save the product for timbre 4.Use an eyedropper to add 10 drops of a 0.1 M AgNO3 (silver nitrate do not get this on you) solution t o the salt-water solution which was made in Step 3. Cover the tube with a cork and to the full check several times to mix properly. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container.Obtain one piece of Mg (magnesium) ribbon about 3 cm long. Tear it into 2 pieces. Place one piece into a test tube. Use a pipet to add 10 drops of 6 M HCl (concentrated hydrochloric acid). Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container.Handle the other piece of Mg with tongs. Place the Mg into the toothsometest part of the burner flame at the front lab give in for a few minutes until a noticeable change occurs. Caution Do not look directly into the light Place the product on a watch glass. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container.Use a mortar and pestle to grind several crystals of CuSO45H2O (copper II sulfate pentahydrate) into a uniform powder. Record observations. Place a small spatula of the CuSO45H2O powder into a test tube. Add 5 mL of water, c ap it with a cork, and invert fully several times to mix. Record observations. Save the product for Step 8.To the test tube containing the water and CuSO45H2O, add a few Fe (iron) filings. Cap it with a cork and invert fully several times to fully mix. Look very closely into the test tube. A keen observer gets the proper results. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container.DataStepPhysical Properties of Starting MaterialsObservations of The Change1Candle looks waxy, with few drops dried on the side. It is a brainsick white color. It appears to be slightly burnt. The bottom clay is a bright yellow and has a smooth texture.Wax on the top melts and forms a liquid. twist of wick is a bright red color. More drips start to appear on the side of the candle. As the wax drips down, it changes from clear to pale white, while also hardening.2Wood is smooth, light brown in color, and very brittle. It is small and rectangular. The watch glass is clear, with cloudy material o n bottom of glass.The wood starts to droop and shrivels, while turning black, with a red tip. Little bits of ash appear. Smoke rises from the flame, and it smells faintly of ham.3Sodium chloride looks clear, crystalline, and very granular. Some of the NaCl sticks to the side of the container.NaCl dissolves into the water to make a solution. Clear liquid in test tube.4AgNO3 looks cloudy on the surface of the water. It is an opaque white color and sticks together.Seems to form a intricate mixture, with white specks of AgNO3 floating in the water. The water solution became chunky and cloudy.5Silver in color, malleable, small, thin, rectangular in shape. It is smooth on the surfaces and kind of piercing on the corners. It is 3cm in length.Test tube gets hot piece of magnesium starts to disintegrate. At the end, ash is left at the bottom and what looks like smoke rises from the top. bland looks slight yellow.6Piece of magnesium looks the same as above.Magnesium starts to burn and the n quickly turns into a bright white light as the flame gets really intense. There is a slight change in heat because the amount of flame increased.7Crystals look deep blue. There is no odor present. They look smooth, but clear-cut. They hold their shape.The water turns blue and the powder is dissolved. The liquid does look see-through.8(see part 2 of step 7)The liquid turns into a dirty brown color. The Fe seems to sink to the bottom of the test tube. It doesnt look like Fe anymore, though. It looks like copper because of its color.QuestionsIntensive properties are properties that will not change based on the amount of a substance you have. Some examples from the lab are the waxiness of the candle, the color of the magnesium, or the malleability of the magnesium. An extensive property will change based on the amount of a substance you have. Examples of these properties (from the lab) are the size of the wooden splint, the length of the magnesium strip, or the height of the candle.a. Lighting a match Chemical. The physical oppose of the wood and its head is changed.b. Melting wax Physical. The wax is still wax, its just in a different form.c. Burning a wick Chemical. The wick slowly burns down and changes its make-up.d. Freezing wax Physical. It is still wax.e. Breaking wood splint Physical. It is still wood.f. Burning wood Chemical. It is a different material after you burn it.g. Dissolving sodium chloride Physical. It is still salt. You could filter the salt back out of the solution.h. Reacting NaCl and AgNO3 Chemical Change. The two compounds change their molecular(a) make-up.i. Breaking and sanding Mg Physical. It is still magnesium its just in a different form.j. Burning magnesium Chemical. The magnesium is no longer magnesium and goes through a chemical reaction.k. Adding acid to Mg Chemical. In the reaction, the Mg is changed.l. Crushing copper II sulfate Physical. It is still copper II sulfate its just been changed to a different form.m. Dissolving cop per II sulfate Physical. It is still the same material.n. Adding Fe to copper II sulfate Chemical. The Fe changed because it bonded with So4.The change involving a candle is both chemical and physical because the candle wax is melting, which is a physical change to the candle, but the candle wick is also burning, which is a chemical change. The candle wax is remaining as wax its just changing from a solid to a liquid. When it cools down, it forms a solid again. The wick, however, never returns to its previous state after being burned. It is no longer a candle wick.Two changes in the experiment that were exothermic were the wooden splint burning and the magnesium reacting with the hydrochloric acid. Wooden splint had a flame on it (when it was burning) that gave off a lot of heat. The magnesium caused the test tube to become extremely hot. A change in the experiment that was endothermic was when we melted the candle wax. The wax had to take in a lot of energy from the flame in order to do a physical change into a liquid.In chemical changes, the formulas of reactants compare to the formulas of the product because they are different. The substances are changed in a chemical change, so their molecular make-up will also change. For example, in Step 8, we had the reactants CuSO4 and Fe. But the products werent the same.CuSO4 Cu +FeSO4The iron bonded with the SO4, leaving copper behind. In a physical change, the formulas will be the same on each side. The only thing that might change is its state of matter.H2O(s) H2O(l)The chemical make-up is still the same, but it did change from a liquid to a gas. The formulas on each side have to stay the same though.Data AnalysisBased on the observations collected, 3 of the 8 steps performed were physical changes. Step 1, the burning of the candle, was surprisingly a physical change. What made this clear is that it could be observed that the wax is only melting, not changing to a different substance. receivable to background i nformation, it can be concluded that this is a physical change. Step 3 involves licentiousness NaCl in water, which is also classified as a physical change. Step 7 is just like step 3 in that a substance was dissolved in water, so this is also a physical change.Several chemical changes also occurred. Step 2, the burning of the wooden splint, marked a chemical change because the step started out with a piece of wood observed as smooth, light brown in color, and very brittle. After the change, it wilted and shriveled to a black substance with all new properties. Since it has change into a new substance, it can be concluded that this is a chemical change. The AgNO3 in step 4 reacts with the NaCl and the H2O to form a new substance in the liquid, which creates small, floating particles. Since a new substance was formed inside the liquid, this is also a chemical change. The magnesium reacting with the acid as well as being burned in the Bunsen burner was both chemical changes because n either of the changes warranted any magnesium afterwards, so it is known that a chemical change occurred. Lastly, the CuSO4-2 reacted with the Fe+2 to create different substances, namely Cu and FeSO4. It can therefore be concluded that this was also a chemical change.ErrorA few things may have caused errors in this experiment, but because the results were not dependent on extremely precise amounts of any substance, getting the appropriate results was fairly easy. However, if the wrong substance had accidentally been placed in a test tube instead of another substance, the results will be completely different than what they are supposed to be. This could also result in a dangerous situation depending on what substance had been replaced. Another thing that may have hindered the results of the burning of the magnesium is if the flame wasnt hot enough to burn the magnesium or the piece of magnesium was somehow flawed, where it wouldnt burn. Another thing that would obstruct the correct r esults is if any test tube bust while it was in use, for it couldnt be used to observe the changes occurring anymore. If the candle (from step 1) had so much wax that the wick wasnt exposed enough to light, then it would have made it difficult to perform the first couple steps of the experiment. Error can come from many different sources, but human error is the approximately frequent type of error.ConclusionIt was attempted to perform a variety of experiments to carry out chemical and physical changes. Then, it was judged what kind of change it was. Success was reached in doing this. Chemical changes were observed, such as the wooden splint burning, the magnesium bubbling, and the SO4-2 bonding to the Fe+2. Physical changes were also observed, such as the candle wax melting, the NaCl dissolving in the water, and ripping the magnesium strip in half. A lot was definitely learned about the difference between chemical and physical changes, and how to bring up between the two.